A CNC metal lathe specializes in machining metal workpieces by automatically controlling cutting tools relative to a spinning metal bar or disc. Commonly used metals include steel, aluminum, brass, and stainless alloys. The operator secures the material in a chuck, selects tooling for tasks like facing or threading, and starts the programmed cycle.

These machines rely on rigid bed constructions and precision-ground ways to minimize deflection under cutting forces. Heavy‑duty spindle motors deliver the torque needed for deeper cuts, while servo‑driven axes maintain accurate positioning. Computer controls regulate spindle speed and feed rate, ensuring optimal chip load and surface quality.

CNC metal lathes can perform multiple operations in one setup. A live‑tool turret may hold turning inserts, drill bits, and small end mills, enabling internal drilling or grooving without repositioning the workpiece. Bar feeders automate raw material supply, allowing continuous production of multiple identical parts and reducing cycle interruptions.

Routine care includes cleaning chips from the guideways, checking coolant quality, and inspecting tool holders for wear. Calibration of the machine’s backlash compensation and periodic alignment of the spindle axis ensure tolerances remain within specified limits. By automating metal turning processes, CNC metal lathes achieve reliable repeatability and efficient production of precision components.